摘要: 全球对可再生能源的需求日益增长，显著加速了浮动式海上风力涡轮机平台的发展，尤其是在风能资源向深海扩展的背景下。本文全面概述了浮动平台的演变，考察了诸如单桅平台、驳船平台、半潜式平台等传统设计，以及混合式和仿生结构的最新进展。重点介绍了关键结构创新，包括波浪能转换器和仿生设计的集成，这些创新有助于提高稳定性、成本效益和能量输出。此外，本文还回顾了平台优化技术的最新进展，包括遗传算法、结构优化和分析优化方法，这些技术提高了平台的稳定性和水动力性能。最后，探讨了各种姿态控制和稳定性调节方法，例如主动和半主动控制策略，以及数据驱动和模型预测方法，以了解它们在动态环境条件下提高稳定性和能源效率的潜力。本综述旨在为 FOWT 平台设计的持续进展和挑战提供宝贵的见解，为未来的研究和大规模部署提供指导。

Abstract: The increasing global demand for renewable energy has significantly accelerated the development of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) platforms, particularly as wind energy resources expand into deeper waters. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of floating platforms, examining traditional designs such as spar, barge, semi-submersible, and tension leg platforms (TLP), along with recent advancements in hybrid and nature-inspired structures. Key structures innovations, including the integration of wave energy converter and biomimetic designs, are highlighted for their contributions to enhanced stability, cost efficiency, and energy output. Furthermore, the paper also reviews recent advancements in platform optimization techniques, including genetic algorithms, structural and analytical optimization methods, which improve platform stability and hydrodynamic performance. Finally, various attitude control and stability regulation methods, such as active and semi-active control strategies, as well as data-driven and model predictive approaches, are explored for their potential to improve stability and energy efficiency under dynamic environmental conditions. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the ongoing advancements and challenges in FOWT platform design, offering guidance for future research and large-scale deployment.